Powertrain and Parts

For a vehicle to move, the movement from the engine must be transmitted to the wheels. This task is undertaken by the powertrain. Powertrain consists of four basic parts: engine, transmission, clutch and differential.

Engine

The engine is the main part that enables the movement of the vehicle. In internal combustion engines, the energy released by the combustion of gasoline or diesel fuel is converted into the movement of the pistons. This movement is transmitted to the wheels via the crankshaft.

Gearbox

The transmission is used to adjust the movement coming from the engine according to the speed and load of the vehicle. Transmissions are divided into three main groups: manual, semi-automatic and automatic.

• Manual transmissions are transmissions that shift gears manually. Manual transmissions are the most advantageous transmission type in terms of fuel efficiency.
• Semi-automatic transmissions are similar to manual transmissions, but gear shifting is done automatically. Semi-automatic transmissions are more comfortable than manual transmissions, but less advantageous in terms of fuel efficiency.
• Automatic transmissions are transmissions where gear shifts are made completely automatically. Automatic transmissions are the most comfortable transmission type, but they are the most disadvantageous in terms of fuel efficiency.

Clutch

The clutch serves to temporarily interrupt the movement coming from the engine before transferring it to the transmission. The clutch allows the driver to change gear and stop the vehicle. The basic parts of the clutch are the pressure, pad and ball.

• The press is the main part of the clutch. It transmits the movement coming from the engine to the pads.
• The pads transmit the movement of the pressure to the transmission. Pads are parts subject to wear and should be replaced regularly.
• The ball is the part that ensures the smooth operation of the clutch. The ball allows the pads to move towards each other.

Differential

The differential is the part that enables the vehicle to rotate. The differential allows the wheels on the inside and outside of the bend to rotate at different speeds. The basic parts of the differential are the ring gear, bevel gear, axle gear, pinion gear and axle shaft.

• The ring gear transmits the movement from the transmission to the differential.
• The bevel gear transmits the movement from the engine to the ring gear.
• The axle gear transmits the movement from the ring gear to the wheels.
• The pinion gear rotates the axle gear.
• The axle shaft connects the pinion gear to the wheels.

Powertrain Maintenance and Repair

Powertrains are important parts of the vehicle and require regular maintenance and repair. In the maintenance and repair of the powertrain, assistance should be sought from an expert technician.

• Engine maintenance is important to maintain the vehicle's performance and fuel efficiency. Engine maintenance includes regular oil and filter changes, checking the air filter and spark plugs and replacing them if necessary.
• Transmission maintenance is important to ensure proper operation and long life of the transmission. Transmission maintenance includes regular oil changes and checking the transmission oil level.